What Drives Wolves: Fear or Hunger? Humans, Diet, Climate and Wolf Activity Patterns

摘要: Activity patterns of animals depend on environmental and intrinsic factors. Studies undertaken across the current wolf (Canis lupus) range suggested a number variables that may be correlated with activity wolves. These factors vary locally there has been no attempt so far at defining those ubiquitously impact behaviour. I compared 11 studies (from Alaska to Israel) assess influence (1) public road density, (2) human population (3) human-caused mortality, (4) proportion domestic in diet, (5) forest, (6) latitude (7) mean annual temperature nocturnal movements. Nocturnal was mainly diet density roads, whereas movements were latitude. The importance indicates sun periodicity might represent an important signal (`Zeitgeber') for circadian rhythms Environmental constraints such as high temperatures during day higher hunting success crepuscular periods probably limit ability wolves avoid humans by therefore suggest regions where hunt wild prey, they experience trade-off between predation risk increased twilight hours.