The distribution of solar energy at the Earth's surface as calculated in the ECMWF re-analysis

摘要: Knowledge of the distribution solar energy at earth's surface is required for various practical and theoretical purposes. The fluxes calculated in Re-Analysis projects are promising since their radiative transfer calculations take into account best current estimates humidity temperature structure atmosphere. present study assesses quality insolation climatology ECMWF (ERA) using a comprehensive set observations. It shown that ERA good agreement with more than 700 long-term monitoring sites. biases substantially smaller generally found GCMs, which typically overestimate due to an underestimated atmospheric shortwave absorption. Contributing not only realistic overlying atmosphere, but also accurate performance radiation scheme under clear-sky conditions. This off-line prescribed profiles from radiosondes as input. Overall, paper suggests reproduces global considerable skill may be useful applications.