Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in the endometrium during menstrual cycle and implantation.

摘要: Blood vessels develop via two subsequent processes, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, both being of crucial importance during menstrual cycle implantation. These processes are also involved in the development fetal placental vasculatures. During vasculogenesis, formation earliest primitive capillaries is achieved by situ differentiation hemangiogenic stem cells that derived from pluripotent mesenchymal cells. The process, characterized new already existing vessels, a well coordinated process initiated stimulation various growth factors. Vasculogenesis angiogenesis important complex involving extensive interplay between development, maturation maintenance vascular network necessary for successful hemochorial placentation as normal embryonic growth. In this review, we outline basic mechanisms endometrium different stages implantation, consider how data can be applied to human pregnancy. Recent studies have shown initiation steps angiogenic factors trigger angiogenesis. Different inducers stimulators affect directly or indirectly stimulating proliferation, migration endothelial respective precursor As conclusion, understanding roles implantation may provide insights possible approaches embryo healthy