Is the reintroduced white stork (Ciconia ciconia) population in Switzerland self-sustainable?

摘要: The migratory white stork (Ciconia ciconia) became extinct in Switzerland 1950. A reintroduction project with intensive management (translocation, prevention of migration, artificial feeding) started 1948, and 175 pairs were breeding 2000. For the period 1973-2000 we estimated annual survival rates fledging success to estimate population growth rate by a stochastic matrix projection model. Compared other populations, adult (0.86, 95% CI: 0.81-0.89) was very high little variable over time, juvenile (0.37, 0.31-0.43) comparable populations whereas average low (1.65) but strongly time. positive, indicating that is self-sustainable at moment. largely favoured which more than compensates for success. particularly sensitive changes survival, it would be difficult improve this further management. However, maintenance crucial an improvement seems important long-term persistence Switzerland. Fledging depends on habitat quality, thus restoration habitats should main activity near future.