Orm/ORMDL proteins: Gate guardians and master regulators.

摘要: Abstract Sphingolipids comprise a diverse family of lipids that perform multiple functions in both structure cellular membranes and intra- inter-cellular signaling. The diversity this is generated by an array enzymes produce individual classes molecular species members which catabolize those for recycling pathways. However, all these begin their lives with single step, the condensation amino acid, almost always serine, fatty acyl-CoA, 16-carbon, saturated palmitate. enzyme complex accomplishes serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), membrane-bound component endoplasmic reticulum. This places SPT unique position regulating production entire sphingolipid pool. Understanding how activity regulated currently central focus field biology. In review we examine regulation set small, proteins reticulum, Orms (in yeast) ORMDLs vertebrates). We discuss what known about act as homeostatic regulators monitoring levels sphingolipid, but also Orms/ORMDLs regulate response to other stimuli. Finally, intriguing connection between one mammalian ORMDL isoforms, ORMDL3, pervasive pulmonary disease, asthma, humans.