Incorporating travel behaviour and travel time into TIMES energy system models

摘要: Achieving ambitious climate change mitigation targets clearly requires a focus on transport that should include changes in travel behaviour addition to increased vehicle efficiency and low-carbon fuels. Most available energy/economy/environment/engineering (E4) modelling tools however technology fuel switching tend poorly incorporate options from behaviour, particular, between modes is not an option. This paper describes novel methodology for incorporating competition private cars, buses trains least-cost linear optimisation E4 model, called TIMES. achieved by imposing constraint overall time the system, which represents empirically observed fixed budget (TTB) of individuals, introducing cost infrastructural investments (travel investment, TTI), reduces public transport. Two case studies California Ireland are developed using simple TIMES results generated 2030 reference scenario, scenario CO2 emissions reduction scenario. The show with no constraint, model chooses exclusively. With mode choice determined income investment assumptions, level greater levels At low cost, new rail introduced short distances bus capacity longer distances. higher costs increasingly chosen long also.