Biocatalysis and Biomass Conversion in Alternative Reaction Media.

摘要: In this Minireview, the state of art in use ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as alternative reaction media for biocatalytic processes biomass conversion is presented. Initial, proof-of-concept studies, more than a decade ago, involved first-generation ILs based on dialkylimidazolium cations non-coordinating anions, such tetrafluoroborate hexafluorophosphate. More recently, emphasis has switched to environmentally acceptable second-generation comprising cations, which are designed be compatible with enzymes and, many cases derived from readily available, renewable resources, cholinium salts. Protic (PILs), prepared simply by mixing inexpensive amines acids, particularly attractive both an environmental economic viewpoint. DESs, salts with, preferably renewable, hydrogen-bond donors glycerol amino have also proved suitable conversions. A broad range can used ILs, PILs example lipases biodiesel production. These neoteric particular interest, however, conversions substrates that limited solubility common organic solvents, carbohydrates, nucleosides, steroids polysaccharides. This culminated recent focus attention their (co)solvents pretreatment saccharification lignocellulose initial steps into biofuels chemicals. They similarly subsequent hexoses pentoses platform