Chemical content and estimated sources of fine fraction of particulate matter collected in Krakow.
作者： Lucyna Samek , Zdzislaw Stegowski , Leszek Furman , Joanna Fiedor
DOI: 10.1007/S11869-016-0407-2
关键词: Air pollution 、 Environmental chemistry 、 Environmental engineering 、 Coal 、 Diesel exhaust 、 Black smoke 、 Particulates 、 Pollution 、 Combustion 、 Air quality index 、 Environmental science
摘要: The monitored level of pollution remains high in Krakow, Poland. Alerts regarding increased levels pollution, which advise asthmatics, the elderly, and children to limit their exposure open air, continue be issued on numerous days. In this work, seasonal variations PM2.5 (particulate matter containing particles with aerodynamic diameter no higher than 2.5 μm) concentrations are shown. An increasing trend is reported, enhanced during colder seasons. mean Krakow exceeded target value 25 μg/m3 specified for 2015 spring, autumn, winter For reason, particulate special concern. Elemental as well presence black carbon (BC) smoke (BS) samples were determined. Seasonal Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr, Pb observed whereas V, Cr, Ni, BC, BS did not significantly change time year. Seven factors identified by positive matrix factorization (PMF) technique, one was non-identified. They attributed following sources pollution: steel industry, traffic (diesel exhaust), (gasoline exhaust, brake wear), road dust, construction combustion (biomass, coal), non-ferrous metallurgical industry. last, non-identified source, could secondary aerosols. It worth mention that shows significant a impact winter. reported results completed studies may aid solving air quality issues city highlighting major pollution.
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