Neuropsychiatric pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in wastewater treatment plants: a review

摘要: Environmental context Neuropsychiatric pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in wastewaters are of increasing environmental concern. We compile the recent literature evaluate concentrations profiles various their removal efficiencies wastewater treatment plants. The sewage epidemiology approach, used estimation drug usage communities, is discussed, we make recommendations for future research this area. Abstract encompass a broad range compounds including opioids, amphetamine-type stimulants, cannabinoids, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, antipsychotics, anaesthetics, anti-epileptics mood stabilisers, lysergic compounds, sympathomimetic amines cocaine derivatives. In article, review studies on occurrence fate these general, among studied, detection frequencies opioids derivatives were highest wastewaters. forensic analysis suggests that has increased. Given fact data can be making regulatory decisions policies, focuses understanding sources dynamics neuropsychiatric drugs. There pressing need more magnitude extent consumption. ‘sewage epidemiology’ currently applied consumption reviewed. field been advancing multipronged paths, incorporating concepts analytical chemistry, organic biochemistry, engineering, statistics. Future prospects with regard to psychoactive recommended.