Chemically-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis

摘要: Liver cancer is an important form of worldwide ranking in the top ten both incidence and mortality [1]. Over 780,000 new cases primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were diagnosed 2012, with nearly 750,000 deaths [2]. The American Cancer Society predicts over 35,000 liver (primary hepatic duct) that 25,000 individuals will die this disease year 2015 In US Europe, fairly rare, but some part world, it type observed [1, 2]. Universal vaccination for hepatitis B virus (HBV) has led to a decline Tawain, while its been increasing other regions due C (HCV) infection spread prevalence non-alcohol 2 diabetes Environmental influences, including carcinogen exposure, are believed contribute distinct geographical distribution pattern [3]. Although rare genetic disorders can development, ethanol, smoking dietary factors known progression [2, 3]. high rate indicate need appropriate animal models order develop treatment intervention strategies. addition, site induction bioassays used testing indicating necessity extrapolation neoplasms arise at animals man. utility defining common biomarkers conversion benign malignant transition assist developing inter-species risk assessment. inclusion early lesions from preclinical permit assessment ability methods analysis development useful model study carcinogenic process solid tumors humans animals. influence background environmental on neoplastic readily studied rodent disease. While have role human development. susceptible by chemicals as understand play progression. exposed ingested materials level metabolism. human, cirrhosis contributor most Viral lead certain chemical exposures baseline exacerbate potential cancer. These include aflatoxin, potentially constituents (limited antioxidant intake (selenium, Vitamin E), iron excess, others). Ethanol NASH likewise HCC Chemicals increase be classified into genotoxic nongenotoxic modes action. effects agents dose dependent exhibit threshold. Understanding biological basis changes occur during process, well induce improve our knowledge steps stages pathogenesis