Tracking extinction risk trends and patterns in a mega-diverse country: A Red List Index for birds in Colombia.

摘要: Monitoring trends in the extinction risk of species is important for tracking conservation effectiveness. The Red List index (RLI) reflects changes aggregate sets over time (a value zero means that all are extinct, a one categorized as Least Concern). We calculated first national RLI birds Colombia period 2002–2016, and disaggregated indices by ecosystems, regions, groups. Overall, status has moderately deteriorated during declining 0.0000714% per year (the global declined 0.0297% year). High Andean forest, paramo, freshwater ecosystems worst condition. two regions with greatest avian diversity contrasted: Andes lowest RLI, Amazon highest. Among groups, gamebirds, parrots, large frugivores, forest raptors most threatened. Habitat loss from expansion illicit crops population declines hunting were threats. Agricultural expansion, invasive alien animal species, illegal logging mining significant threats some species. Tracking species’ country highest bird richness world, dynamic spatial patterns habitat loss, high levels endemism. Recent developments provide reasons both hope despair. In 2016, peace agreement ended 50 years armed conflict. New opportunities biodiversity conservation, local development based on bird-watching tourism, advancement scientific knowledge now occur alongside dramatic increases deforestation. These new challenges strong motivation to take advantage fact overall still relatively low stable. Effective action urgently needed while there opportunity prevent extinctions safeguard particularly those higher categories.