Biomaterials Applicable for Alveolar Sockets Preservation: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies

摘要: Bone density and quantity are primary conditions for the insertion stability of dental implants. In cases a lack adequate maxillary or mandibulary bone, e.g. in terms front to back depth thickness, bone augmentation will be necessary. Lack defects can caused by inflammation, congenital malformation, trauma oncological surgery. Several procedures materials augmenting height have been developed overcome problem reduced amount bone. dentistry, substitution were used following applications: (1) socket preservation; (2) periodontal defects; (3) third molar extraction sites support 2nd molars; (4) ridge augmentation; (5) cyst removal / apicoectomies; (6) sinus lifts; (7) distraction osteogenesis; (8) implant dentistry. The treatment bone-defects preservation include autografting (from one location another within same individual), xenografting donor species) allografting genetically dissimilar member cancellous After blood, is most commonly transplanted tissue. Worldwide, an estimated 2.2 million grafting performed annually repair orthopaedics, neurosurgery, dentistry (Giannoudis et al. 2005). increasing number disadvantages current autograft allograft treatments (e.g. limited graft quantity, risk disease transmission) drive quest alternative methods treat defects. use synthetic bioactive substitute importance modern as alternatives autogenous grafts. Various alloplastic different origin, chemical composition, structural properties investigated last years. all approaches ceramics, polymers composites (Burg 2000). These either absorbable non-absorbable, well naturally derived synthetically manufactured (Figure 1). types biomaterials (minerals non-mineral based natural artificial polymers) with characteristics studying ossification formation. For example, calcium phosphate ceramics variety such hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, cement, etc. mentioned excellent biocompatibility bonding regeneration properties. Recently non-biodegradable degradable membranes