Recent Pathophysiological Aspects of Peyronie’s Disease: Role of Free Radicals, Rationale, and Therapeutic Implications for Antioxidant Treatment—Literature Review

摘要: Peyronie’s disease (PD) is a chronic inflammation of tunica albuginea the corpora cavernosa that causes an inelastic plaque resulting in penis deformation. Although its etiology not completely known, there general consensus PD genetically transmitted and secondary to penile trauma. In recent years, numerous studies demonstrated role played by oxidative stress pathogenesis, other have described successful use antioxidants treatment. Oxidative integral part this disease, influencing progression. early stages PD, inflammatory infiltrate cells produce high quantities free radicals proinflammatory profibrotic cytokines, with consequent activation transcription factor NF-κB. While conservative therapies commonly used include oral substances (Potaba, tamoxifen, colchicine, vitamin E), intralesional treatment (verapamil, interferon, steroids, more recently collagenase clostridium histolyticum-Xiaflex), local physical (iontophoresis, extracorporeal shock wave therapy, extender), significant results obtained emerging treatments cited article suggest these therapeutic agents interfere at several levels disease’s pathogenetic mechanisms. Antioxidants therapy outcomes are interesting for good clinical practice also confirm fundamental PD.