Eco-social analysis of an East African agro-pastoral system: Management of tsetse and bovine trypanosomiasis

摘要: Abstract A key constraint for development of many East African agro-pastoral communities is animal trypanosomiasis or nagana caused by Trypanosoma spp. and vectored species tsetse flies ( Glossina spp.). Suppression through trapping fly populations was conducted from 1995 to 2005 at near Luke, Southwest Ethiopia. Odor baited mass technology used suppress adult very low levels while tryponocidal drugs were treat trypanosome infections in cattle. Data on ecological, economic social variables collected analyzed the context eco-social dynamics community. The bio-economic model Regev et al. [Regev, U., Gutierrez, A.P., Schreiber, S.J., Zilberman, D., 1998. Biological Economic Foundations Renewable Resource Exploitation. Ecological Economics 26, 227-242] Gutierrez [Gutierrez, Regev, 2005. bioeconomics tritrophic systems: applications invasive species. 52, 382-396] as a methodological framework qualitative evaluation effects tsetse/trypanosomiasis suppression aspects. An objective function single farmers formulated determine optimal harvesting level cattle, exposed high risk tsetse/trypanosomiasis, measured discount rate δ ) given base pastoral resource R =  pasture forage cattle). socially exploitation all that which maximizes present value utility individuals expending revenues consumption revenue stream ways enhance quality life yet assures persistence over an infinite time horizon (i.e., renewable sustainability). predicts reducing disease increased cattle their marginal value. also interaction decreased productivity θ can lead human hence over-exploitation resources (pastures) lower environmental carrying capacity reduced sustainability. Trap catches indicated levels, prevalence 29% 10%. This led substantial increase including oxen populations, calving rates, milk production per-capita income. availability allowed cultivated land 12 ha 506 ha Revenues invested purchase more establishment school educating village children. Increases allocated crops other sources income found. bioeconomic solution problems so transforms new structures will be required cope with consequences this technological changes sustainable sensu [Goodland, R., 1995. concept Annual Review Ecology Systematics 1-24]). insight should not lost international rural programs.