Are the livestock guarding dogs where they are supposed to be

摘要: Abstract In many parts of the world, livestock guarding dogs (LGDs) are considered one most powerful prevention tools against carnivore predation on domestic animals, but how they behave when left unsupervised with their flock pastures is mostly unknown. We monitored 29 LGDs GPS (Global Positioning System) collars in order to investigate space use and association livestock. UDOI (Utilization Distribution Overlap Index) VI (Volume Intersection) Index for 50% 95% kernel isopleths were calculated quantify overlap similarity core area whole movement range sheep dogs. Linear mixed models implemented evaluate dog-sheep distance was influenced by environmental (land use, percentage trees shrubs pasture, size pasture), dog-related (sex, age), farming-related variables (number associated flock, herd size). Finally, we tested usefulness pet managing LGDs. spent majority time close livestock, sharing same areas using a different way. Dog-sheep variable land age dog. fact, tended separate more high shrubs, less inhabited areas. Moreover, older compared younger individuals. can be an important tool LGDs, as farmers able check position at any time. This allow producers improve management limit conflicts neighbors accidents. this study, demonstrated that did not leave unattended unsupervised, although further insights into would support full evaluation.