Detection of Extravesical Disease: A Lack of Bladder Cancer Markers
作者： Andrew A. Stec , Michael S. Cookson , Sam S. Chang
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-417-9_7
关键词: Cancer 、 Advanced cancer 、 Gold standard (test) 、 Oncology 、 Disease 、 Internal medicine 、 Cell adhesion molecule 、 Urology 、 Cell cycle 、 Bladder cancer 、 Cystectomy 、 Medicine
摘要: Understaging is a significant problem in the treatment of Urothelial Carcinoma bladder. Up to 70% patients with perceived organ-confined tumors have been found be understaged by current clinical standard at time cystectomy. With advances molecular biology, tumor markers that can detect and predict prognosis bladder cancer are emerging. Both urine serum aid differentiating between superficial invasive being investigated. This chapter examines spectrum predictive including microsatellite-associated markers, proto-oncogenes/oncogenes, suppressor genes, cell cycle regulators, angiogenesis-related factors, extracellular adhesion molecules, circulating markers. While no marker yet proven gold for predicting extravesicular extension tumors, promising early data exists on may differentiate those individuals disease from poorer more advanced cancer.
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