Renal manifestations of hepatitis C virus infection

摘要: The existence of viral hepatitis has been known for centuries. In the 5th century B.C. Hippocrates noted epidemics a jaundice-like illness. These were particularly common during various military campaigns, and likely represents one earliest reports "infectious hepatitis" due to A virus, an illness passed by fecal-oral route as consequence poor sanitation. observation in late 1800's that could develop after smallpox vaccination with human lymph [1] 1940's be transfusion volunteers [2] led realization there was second type (that is, "serum" hepatitis) spread contaminated blood products. Following discovery "Australia" antigen (hepatitis B surface antigen, HBsAg) Blumberg, Alter Visnich 1964 [3], it recognized many cases infection virus (HBV) [4], HBV also important cause chronic active cirrhosis [reviewed 5]. Unfortunately, 1970s apparent not only hepatitis, other "non-A-non-B" viruses existed [6], which transmitted products humans chimpanzees [7]. Using molecular biologic methods, Houghton colleagues cloned expressed portions RNA from plasma infected chimpanzee 1989 [8, 9]. This designated C (HCV), is now major both transfusion-associated sporadic non-A-non-B [10, 11]. Infection this often persistent, may result or hepatocellular carcinoma [10–12, reviewed 13]. persistent indolent nature HCV results prolonged viremia spite strong humoral immune response 13, 14]. It perhaps surprising, then, complex diseases occur setting. relationship between disease kidney infection, long appreciated connection, recently [15]. paper, we will discuss some more extrahepatic manifestations particular emphasis on its association glomerular disease.