The rise, fall, and resurgence of immunotherapy in type 1 diabetes

摘要: Despite considerable effort to halt or delay destruction of β-cells in autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D), success remains elusive. Over the last decade, we have seen a proliferation knowledge on pathogenesis T1D that emerged from studies performed non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. However, while results these preclinical appeared hold great promise and boosted patients' hopes, none approaches, once tested clinical settings, induced remission individuals with T1D. The primary obstacles translation reside differences between human murine responses contribution many environmental factors associated onset disease. Moreover, inaccurate dosing as well inappropriate timing uncertain length drug exposure played central role negative outcomes such therapeutic interventions. In this review, summarize most important approaches thus far T1D, beginning successful NOD mice ending latest disappointing trials humans. Finally, highlight recent stem cell-based trials, for which expectations scientific community among are high.