Vitamin D supplementation for preventing infections in children under five years of age.

摘要: Background Vitamin D is a micronutrient important for bone growth and immune function. Deficiency can lead to rickets has been linked various infections, including respiratory infections. The evidence on the effects of supplementation infections in children not assessed systematically. Objectives To evaluate role vitamin preventing pneumonia, tuberculosis (TB), diarrhoea, malaria under five years age. This includes high-, middle-, low-income countries. Search methods We searched Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register, Central Register Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, WHO International Clinical Registry Platform (ICTRP; http://www.who.int/ictrp/en/) , ClinicalTrials.gov ISRCTN registry (http://www.isrctn.com/) up 16 June 2016. Selection criteria We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated preventive (versus placebo or no intervention) age. Data collection analysis Two review authors independently screened titles abstracts, extracted data, risk bias trials. Main results Four met inclusion criteria, with total 3198 age, were conducted Afghanistan, Spain, USA. Prevalence deficiency varied widely these populations (range: 73.1% 10 12% USA, 6.2% Spain). mortality (two trials), pneumonia incidence diarrhoea hospitalization mean serum concentrations (four trials). We do know whether impacts all-cause because this outcome was underpowered due few events (risk ratio (RR) 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54 3.74; one trial, 3046 participants, low quality evidence). For episodes 'radiologically confirmed' first only episode little different supplemented unsupplemented group (Rate Ratio: 1.06, 0.89 1.26; two trials, 3134 moderate evidence), similarly confirmed unconfirmed (RR 0.95, CI 0.87 1.04; participants). In there obvious differences between regarding diarrhoea. In single large trial from reported associated an increase repeat by chest radiograph 1.69, 1.28 2.21; participants), but reflected 1.00 1.13; participants). For hospital admission measured small difference detected 0.86, 0.20 3.62; 88 participants; very evidence). The higher compared at end (MD 7.72 ng/mL, 0.50 14.93; four 266 evidence). These results driven primarily smaller magnitudes effect. other bigger elevated intervention most duration supplementation. may be time elapsed measurement last dose, incomplete compliance, increased need infant age. We did find any TB, febrile illness, severity infection, cause-specific (due malaria). Authors' conclusions Evidence demonstrate benefit years. To our knowledge, TB malaria, have performed.