Contributions of fMRI towards our understanding of the response to psychosocial stress in epilepsy and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures.

摘要: There are multiple definitions of stress. For this review, as a reference point, we will use the concept acute emotional/psychosocial stress ("stress"). The presence has been reported to have significant effect on seizure control, with several studies showing patients disorders being able predict reasonable accuracy occurrence within following hours or days. However, neuroimaging investigations pathophysiological mechanisms underlying reactivity (e.g., hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation) in humans, general, and disorders, particular, scarce. reasons for likely include difficulty designing appropriate probes that test various aspects response, obtaining approval induce who prone having stress-induced seizures, difficulties assessing physiological response inside scanner heart rate, respiratory oxygenation, cortisol levels, galvanic skin responses), participant identification, choice epilepsy syndrome investigation. With recent explosion literature focusing correlating types levels cortical activations healthy diseased populations, it is incumbent upon us examine available data order identify existing gaps needs/directions future investigations. This approach consistent goals 2014 Benchmarks Epilepsy Research National Institute Neurological Disorders Stroke American Society.