Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

摘要: Methicillin (meticillin)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) emerged in the 1960s and is now commonly seen hospitals, clinics and, since mid-1990s, community. Risk factors for acquisition of MRSA include chronic dermatoses, underlying medical illnesses, attending healthcare facilities, use prescription antibacterials, surgery, intravenous lines, hospitalization an intensive care unit, proximity to patients colonized with MRSA. Recent community-associated strains often occur without these risk factors. Staphylococci are readily spread from person contaminate environment. Infection control measures thus involve identifying infected patients, separating them other non-infected cleaning environment most important all, scrupulous attention hand hygiene. Alcoholic antiseptic rubs offer alternative washes increase compliance. Treatment skin infections challenging. Topical agents such as mupirocin or fusidic acid can be used, but organisms become resistant. Systemic therapy involves non-β-lactams. Parenteral treatment generally glycopeptides vancomycin; oral more complex. Monotherapy quinolones, rifampin (rifampicin), results development resistance so, if any chosen it should combination. There no data on combination therapy, although rifampin-containing combinations chosen. Fourth-generation quinolones linezolid expensive promising alternatives.