Isolation, structure elucidation, relative LC-MS response, and in vitro toxicity of azaspiracids from the dinoflagellate Azadinium spinosum.

摘要: We identified three new azaspiracids (AZAs) with molecular weights of 715, 815, and 829 (AZA33 (3), AZA34 (4), AZA35, respectively) in mussels, seawater, Azadinium spinosum culture. Approximately 700 μg 3 250 4 were isolated from a bulk culture A. spinosum, their structures determined by MS NMR spectroscopy. These compounds differ significantly at the carboxyl end molecule known AZA analogues therefore provide valuable information on structure–activity relationships. Initial toxicological assessment was performed using an vitro model system based Jurkat T lymphocyte cytotoxicity, potencies found to be 0.22- 5.5-fold that AZA1 (1), respectively. Thus, major changes 1 resulted significant toxicity. In mussel extracts, detected low levels, whereas AZA35 only extremely levels or not all. The are consistent AZAs being biosynt...