Mouse Models of Glioma Pathogenesis: History and State of the Art

摘要: In this chapter, we describe the evolution of experimental models for brain tumors. Model systems were established as early 1920s, when chemical carcinogenesis was used to elicit malignant neoplasms in various tissues or organs, including central nervous system. A more systematic study different carcinogens, with a detailed histological analysis, followed 1950s and 1960s. At same time, retroviral an alternative approach, refined virus delivery resulted realistic gliomas. Brain tumors resulting from these approaches carefully characterized resembled high-grade gliomas, oligodendroglial glioblastomas. The limited that cell origin could not be formally demonstrated, but localization lesions suggested ventricular zone may have been some 20 years later, entirely transgenic expression oncogenic (virus- derived) gene sequences, started new era cancer research. These technologies soon by “straight” knockout models, mid 1990s, conditional (Cre-Lox) system, which modified ways allow tissue specific, temporally controlled oncogenes inactivation tumor suppressor genes. For first led in-depth understanding mechanisms pathogenesis identification cells giving rise intrinsic