Greenhouse gas emissions and energy balance of palm oil biofuel.

摘要: Abstract The search for alternatives to fossil fuels is boosting interest in biodiesel production. Among the crops used produce biodiesel, palm trees stand out due their high productivity and positive energy balance. This work assesses life cycle emissions balance of production from oil Brazil. results are compared through a meta-analysis previous published studies: Wood Corley (1991) [Wood BJ, RH. cultivation. In: PORIM intl. conference – agriculture; 1991.], Malaysia; Yusoff Hansen (2005) [Yusoff S, SB. Feasibility study performing an assessment on crude Malaysia. International Journal Life Cycle Assessment 2007;12:50–8], Angarita et al. (2009) [Angarita EE, Lora Costa RE, Torres EA. oil-derived methyl ester (PME) cases Brazil Colombia. Renewable Energy 2009;34:2905–13], Colombia; Pleanjai Gheewala [Pleanjai SH. Full chain analysis Thailand. Applied 2009;86:S209–14], Thailand; Yee [Yee KF, Tan KT, Abdullah AZ, Lee KT. biodiesel: revealing facts benefits sustainability. 2009;86:S189–96], In our study, data agricultural phase, transport, content products co-products were obtained assessments done intensities greenhouse gas emission factors Simapro 7.1.8. software other authors. These applied inputs outputs listed selected studies render them comparable. was 1:5.37. comparison range between 1:3.40 1:7.78. determined resulted 1437 kg CO 2 e/ha, while based information provided by authors 2406 kg CO average. 2009;34:2905–13] does not report emissions. When diesel basis, avoided use account 80 g CO e/MJ. Thus, associated with yield net reduction We also assessed carbon tree plantation, including displaced diesel, natural ecosystem. Considering outcome plus payback time tropical forest 39 years. result Gibbs et al. (2008) [Gibbs HK, Johnston M, Foley JA, Holloway T, Monfreda C, Ramankutty N, et al., Carbon times crop-based biofuel expansion tropics: effects changing technology. Environmental Research Letters 2008;3:10], which ignores emissions, 30 120