Wolves and Tree Logs: Landscape-Scale and Fine-Scale Risk Factors Interactively Influence Tree Regeneration
作者： Hermine Annette Lisa van Ginkel , Dries Pieter Jan Kuijper , Jildou Schotanus , Christian Smit
DOI: 10.1007/S10021-018-0263-Z
关键词: Predation 、 Ecosystem 、 Carnivore 、 Ungulate 、 Ecology 、 Trophic level 、 Risk factor (computing) 、 Biology 、 Trophic cascade 、 Herbivore
摘要: Large carnivores can reduce ungulate numbers by predation and via induced risk effects alter ungulate behavior, indirectly affecting lower trophic levels. However, predator-induced …
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