Prognostic factors in chronic heart failure. A review of serum biomarkers, metabolic changes, symptoms, and scoring systems.

摘要: Decision-making in the care for patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) has become increasingly difficult. The many available therapeutic strategies and novel treatment modalities borderline or modest benefit call careful risk stratification CHF. Rather than relying on highly sophisticated expensive procedures, we may find routinely parameters of clinical value. This review considers importance validity serum biomarkers (like natriuretic peptides, uric acid, lipoproteins, cytokines), metabolic changes insulin resistance body mass index), patient measures symptom status exercise capacity, as well prognostic scoring systems. There is limited evidence that use markers to make decisions improves outcome Many studies still need be done this end.