Direct effect of acaricides on pathogen loads and gene expression levels in honey bees Apis mellifera

摘要: The effect of using acaricides to control varroa mites has long been a concern the beekeeping industry due unintended negative impacts on honey bee health. Irregular ontogenesis, suppression immune defenses, and impairment normal behavior have linked pesticide use. External stressors, including parasites pathogens they vector, can confound studies effects pesticides metabolism bees. This is case Varroa destructor, mite that negatively affects health many levels, from direct parasitism, which diminishes productivity, vectoring and/or activating other pathogens, viruses. Here we present gene expression profile comprising genes acting diverse metabolic levels (detoxification, immunity, development) in population lacks influence mites. We data for hives treated with five different acaricides; Apiguard (thymol), Apistan (tau-fluvalinate), Checkmite (coumaphos), Miteaway (formic acid) ApiVar (amitraz). results indicate thymol, coumaphos formic acid are able alter some responses. These include detoxification pathways, components system responsible cellular response c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, developmental genes. could potentially interfere individual bees entire colonies.