Targeting midkine and pleiotrophin signalling pathways in addiction and neurodegenerative disorders: recent progress and perspectives.

摘要: Midkine (MK) and pleiotrophin (PTN) are two neurotrophic factors that highly up-regulated in different brain regions after the administration of various drugs abuse degenerative areas brain. A deficiency both MK PTN has been suggested to be an important genetic factor, which confers vulnerability development neurodegenerative disorders associated with humans. In this review, evidence demonstrating limit rewarding effects and, potentially, prevent drug relapse is compiled. There also convincing have neuroprotective against neurotoxicity induced by abuse. Exogenous and/or into CNS means non-invasive methods proposed as a novel therapeutic strategy for addictive diseases. Identification new molecular targets downstream signalling pathways or pharmacological modulation those already known may provide more traditional, but probably effective, treating disorders. Linked Articles This article part themed section on Midkine. To view other articles visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-4