Continuous retinoic acid induces the differentiation of mature regulatory monocytes but fails to induce regulatory dendritic cells

摘要: Myeloid cells (MC) have potent immunoregulatory abilities that can be therapeutically useful to treat inflammatory disease. However, the factors which promote regulatory myeloid cell differentiation remain poorly understood. We previously shown estriol (E3) induces mature dendritic in vivo. To determine whether additional steroid hormones could induce cells, we investigated effects of retinoic acid (RA) on MCs. Retinoic is a hormone important regulating mucosal immunity gut and promoting differentiation. hypothesized presence RA during would formation (MCregs). RA’s ability differentiated bone marrow progenitor with granulocytic-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) under influence RA. found day 7 MCs had an increase percent positive relative expression levels both maturation (CD80, CD86, MHCII) inhibitory (PD-L1 PD-L2) markers compared control cells. Functionally, these expressed increased intracellular IL-10, induced T vitro controls suppressed proliferation responder immune even after challenge LPS. were suppressive CD11b+ CD11c-Ly6C low/intermediate monocyte phenotype. Surprisingly, CD11c+ not contribute enhanced proliferation. These results suggest continuous has unique different populations monopoeisis dendropoiesis promotes population monocytes.