Immunohistochemistry Biomarkers in Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.

摘要: Bladder cancer (BCa) is the most frequent urinary tract neoplasm. BCa results in significant mortality when disease presents as muscle invasive. Around 75% to 80% of patients present with nonmuscle invasive bladder (NMIBC), but recurrence and progression are issues, compelling current guidelines recommend long-term surveillance. There therefore an urgent unmet need identify validate accurate biomarkers for detection improve quality life reduce costs health care providers, while maintaining or improving outcomes. In this review, 38 publications on immunohistochemistry prognostic biomarkers, that were studied may be related cancer, have been analyzed. The studies organized according evaluated marker their findings. It was demonstrated combination independent complementary could allow a more prognosis than isolated marker. Biomarkers, including p53, Ki-67, CK20, classic factors novel markers such EN2 provide prediction outcome compared any single marker, risk stratification clinical management BCa.