作者： F. Alan Andersen
DOI:
关键词: Menthol 、 Menthone 、 Toothpaste 、 Ames test 、 Menthofuran 、 Traditional medicine 、 Botany 、 Chemistry 、 Irritation 、 Chromosome aberration 、 Pulegone
摘要: Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Oil, Leaf Extract, Leaf, Water are obtained from the piperita plant. The oil is currently used in cosmetic formulations as a fragrance component, but previously had been also described denaturant. extract and leaves biological additives, only reported to be used. Peppermint flavoring agent or not use. Oil at concentration of ≤3% rinse-off ≤0.2% leave-on formulations. composed primarily menthol menthone. Other possible constituents include pulegone, menthofuran, limone. Most safety test data concern Oil. considered present worst case scenario because its many constituents, so on were relevant entire group ingredients. was minimally toxic acute oral studies. Short-term subchronic studies cystlike lesions cerebellum rats that given doses containing pulegone alone, large amounts (>200 mg/kg/day) Pulegone recognized hepatotoxin. Repeated intradermal dosing with produced moderate severe reactions rabbits, although did appear phototoxic. negative Ames mouse lymphoma mutagenesis assay gave equivocal results Chinese hamster fibroblast cell chromosome aberration assay. In carcinogenicity study toothpaste components, no apparent differences noted between mice treated those base. Isolated clinical cases irritation and/or sensitization have reported, (8%) sensitizer when tested using maximization protocol. It expected dermal absorption would rapid, following menthol, major greater than through gastrointestinal tract. Because toxicity safe this constituent limited <1%. This achievable both by controlling time harvest processing technique. There evidence can enhance penetration other agents. Formulators cautioned enhanced affect use ingredients whose assessment based their lack absorption. With limitation these should exceed 1%, it concluded Leaves,