The Impact of Rate Design and Net Metering on the Bill Savings from Distributed PV for Residential Customers in California

摘要: Net metering has become a widespread mechanism in the U.S. for supporting customer adoption of distributed photovoltaics (PV), but faced challenges as PV installations grow to larger share generation number states. This paper examines value bill savings that customers receive under net metering, and associated role retail rate design, based on sample approximately two hundred residential California's largest electric utilities. We find per kWh electricity generated varies by more than factor four across sample, which is largely attributable inclining block structure utilities' rates. also compare received three potential alternative compensation mechanisms, Market Price Referent (MPR). provides significantly greater full MPR-based feed-in tariff, only modestly mechanisms hourly or monthly excess compensated at MPR rate.