How to address CPP and AMP translocation? Methods to detect and quantify peptide internalization in vitro and in vivo (Review).

摘要: Membrane translocation is a crucial issue when addressing the activity of both cell-penetrating and antimicrobial peptides. Translocation responsible for therapeutic potential peptides as drug carriers can dictate killing mechanisms, selectivity efficiency It essential to evaluate if internalization mediated by endocytosis it able internalize attached cargoes. The mode action an peptide cannot be fully understood not known whether acts exclusively at membrane level or also cytoplasm. Therefore, experimental methods quantify processes are first importance. In this work, over 20 described in literature assessment vivo vitro, with without macromolecular cargoes, discussed their applicability, advantages disadvantages reviewed. addition, classification these proposed, based on common approaches detect translocation.