Colloquium paper: bioenergetics, the origins of complexity, and the ascent of man.
作者： D. C. Wallace
关键词: Genetics 、 Epigenomics 、 Mutation rate 、 Mutation 、 Gene 、 Mitochondrial DNA 、 Evolutionary biology 、 Epigenome 、 Natural selection 、 Nuclear DNA 、 Biology
摘要: Complex structures are generated and maintained through energy flux. Structures embody information, biological information is stored in nucleic acids. The progressive increase complexity over geologic time thus the consequence of information-generating power flow plus information-accumulating capacity DNA, winnowed by natural selection. Consequently, most important component environment flow: availability calories their use for growth, survival, reproduction. Animals can exploit adapt to available resources at three levels. They evolve different anatomical forms nuclear DNA (nDNA) mutations permitting exploitation alternative reservoirs, resulting new species. modified bioenergetic physiologies within a species, primarily high mutation rate mitochondrial (mtDNA)–encoded genes, adjustment regional energetic environments. alter epigenomic regulation thousands dispersed genes via mitochondrially high-energy intermediates individual accommodation short-term environmental fluctuations. Because medicine pertains single Homo sapiens, functional human variation often involves sequence changes commonly mtDNA mutations, expression mediated epigenome. common nDNA polymorphisms may represent only fraction genetic associated with “complex” diseases, ascent man has been product 3.5 billion years generation flow, accumulated preserved edited
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