Evolutionary radiations of Proteaceae are triggered by the interaction between traits and climates in open habitats

摘要: Aim: Ecologically driven diversification can create spectacular diversity in both species numbers and form. However, the prediction that match between intrinsic (e.g. functional trait) extrinsic climatic niche) variables may lead to evolutionary radiation has not been critically tested. Here, we test this hypothesis Southern Hemisphere plant family Proteaceae, which shows a open mediterranean shrublands Southwest Australian Floristic Region (SWAFR) Cape (CFR). Species Proteaceae occupy habitats ranging from tropical rain forests deserts are remarkably variable leaf morphology. Location: Southern Hemisphere. Methods: We built phylogenetic tree for 337 (21% of total), representing all main clades, tolerances morphologies, collected traits (leaf area, sclerophylly, shape) 261 niche data 1645 species. Phylogenetic generalized least squares regression quantitative-trait model testing were used investigate pathways niches, their effect on rates. Results: found divergent selection have caused lineages vegetation types evolve towards trait optima distinct those closed forests. Furthermore, show interaction habitats, dry, warm and/or climates, small, sclerophyllous, toothed leaves increases net rates Proteaceae. Main conclusions: Our results suggest evolution specific adaptations allowed adapt niches diversify extensively ecosystems such as CFR SWAFR. This morphology environment therefore more generally radiation.