Do Mediterranean-type ecosystems have a common history?--insights from the Buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae).

摘要: Mediterranean-type ecosystems (MTEs) are remarkable in their species richness and endemism, but the processes that have led to this diversity remain enigmatic. Here, we hypothesize continent-dependent speciation extinction rates disparity between five MTEs of world: Cape, California, Mediterranean Basin, Chile, Western Australia. To test hypothesis, built a phylogenetic tree for 280 Rhamnaceae species, estimated divergence times using eight fossil calibrations, used Bayesian methods simulations differences diversification rates. lineages generally show higher than elsewhere, dynamics pattern continent-dependence. We detected high California significantly lower Cape The independent colonization four may occurred conterminously Oligocene/Early Miocene, Basin happened later, Late Miocene. This suggests situ radiations these clades were initiated before onset winter rainfall regions. These results indicate evolutionary histories MTEs, possibly related intensity climate oscillations geological history