Cancer of the Prostate: Molecular Genetics

摘要: Adenocarcinoma of the prostate is one most common cancers in men worldwide and second leading cause cancer-specific death United States. Over past 15 years, significant advances have been made treatment cancer, largely owing to earlier diagnosis evolution surgical techniques improvements radiation therapy. Nevertheless, tremendous uncertainty controversy exist regarding appropriate clinical management cancer many cases. Similarly, despite magnitude problem, understanding pathogenesis, biology, natural history human remains incomplete unclear. Progress has decade elucidating molecular genetic changes involved development progression. A better underlying disease mechanisms will allow rational strategies improved outcomes. The classic model tumor describes a multistep process which series alterations leads aberrant, uncontrolled cell growth. This best characterized case colon for specific correlated with pathologic These can be both hereditary (germ-line mutation) acquired (somatic mutation). paradigm less established (Fig. 1). We discuss current genetics biology development, including predispositions, early associated prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), traditional classes genes promoting repressing (protooncogenes/oncogenes suppressor genes, respectively). In addition, we describe recent studies on role instability, telomerases, growth factors, cell-adhesion molecules, DNA ethylation, androgen receptor (AR) cancer. Figure 1. Schematic illustrating potential factors subsequent progression cancer. AR = androgen receptor; FGF = fibroblast factor; TGF = transforming RER = replication error. Keywords: Cancer; Prostrate; Genetics