Stakeholder partnerships as collaborative policymaking: Evaluation criteria applied to watershed management in California and Washington

摘要: Public policymaking and implementation in the United States are increasingly handled through local, consensus-seeking partnerships involving most affected stakeholders. This paper formalizes concept of a stakeholder partnership, proposes techniques for using interviews, surveys, documents to measure each six evaluation criteria. Then criteria applied 44 watershed California Washington. The data suggest that criterion makes unique contribution overall evaluation, together reflect range partnership goals—both short-term long-term, substantive instrumental. Success takes time—frequently about 48 months achieve major milestones, such as formal agreements restoration, education, or monitoring projects. Stakeholders perceive their have been effective at addressing local problems serious problems—not just uncontroversial issues, previously hypothesized. On other hand, they occasionally aggravated economy, regulation, threats property rights. © 2002 by Association Policy Analysis Management.