Prospective angiographic study of the abnormalities of systemic venous connections in congenital and acquired heart disease.

摘要: UNLABELLED Angiographic definition of systemic venous connections was obtained prospectively in 780 consecutive patients with congenital heart disease and 102 acquired valvular undergoing cardiac catheterization. Attempts were made to enter the innominate vein perform a balloon occlusion angiogram each patient. In disease, bilateral superior vena cava present 32/771 (approximately 4%) levocardia 3/9 dextrocardia. Among (n = 35), an variable size that could be entered six patients. Small tributaries connecting right left found The via its connection morphologic atrium five coronary sinus 17 Abnormalities inferior seen 7/780 following abnormalities noted: azygous continuation rightsided -- 3 patients, hemiazygos leftsided 1 patient, azygos dextrocardia interruption below liver plexus veins joining draining into leftward aspect common 2/102 disease: patient CONCLUSIONS approximately 5% 2% disease. or often connect vena. Contrast material can injected these document presence cava.