The mixture toxicity of environmental contaminants containing sulfonamides and other antibiotics in Escherichia coli: Differences in both the special target proteins of individual chemicals and their effective combined concentration

摘要: Organisms in the environment are exposed to mixtures of multiple contaminants, leading serious environmental harm. These pose an ecological risk and have attracted increasing amount attention; however there has been little in-depth research toxicity mixtures, such as antibiotics. To determine how different antibiotics affect organisms, individual mixture sulfonamides several were determined using Escherichia coli a target organism our study. The results show that additive effects occur between quinolones or with portion β-lactams, synergistic appear their potentiators cefotaxime sodium, antagonistic arise tetracyclines penicillin V potassium salt. In addition, mechanism binary is further discussed reveal joint effect differences depend not only proteins chemicals but also on effective combined concentration based approach Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships (QSARs) molecular docking. This study introduces concept "effective concentration" provide insight into understanding which will be beneficial for evaluating