Pluripotent Stem Cell Metabolism and Mitochondria: Beyond ATP

摘要: Metabolism is central to embryonic stem cell (ESC) pluripotency and differentiation, with distinct profiles apparent under different nutrient milieu, conditions that maintain alternate states. The significance of altered availability, particularly oxygen, metabolic pathway activity has been highlighted by extensive studies their impact on preimplantation embryo development, physiology, viability. ESC similarly modulate metabolism in response metabolite levels, changes availability shown have a lasting derived identity through the regulation epigenetic landscape. Further, preferential use glucose anaplerotic glutamine serves not only support growth proliferation but also minimise reactive oxygen species production. However, perinuclear localisation spherical, electron-poor mitochondria proposed sustain nuclear-mitochondrial crosstalk mitochondrial-H2O2 presence, facilitate signalling self-renewal stabilisation HIFα, process may be favoured physiological oxygen. environment which grown therefore critical regulator determinant fate, metabolism, mitochondria, acting as an interface between epigenome.