Historical and contemporary indigenous marine conservation strategies in the North Pacific

摘要: Strategies to reduce, halt, and reverse global declines in marine biodiversity are needed urgently. We reviewed, coded, synthesized historical contemporary conservation strategies of the Kitasoo/Xai'xais First Nation British Columbia, Canada show how their approaches work. assessed whether actions classification system by Conservation Measures Partnership was able encompass this nation's approaches. All first-order aligned with Nation's actions; hereditary chief management responsibility played a key role. A ethic permeates culture, indigenous resource existed historically remains strong despite extreme efforts colonizers suppress all practices. The Kitasoo/Xai'xais's embodiment as part worldview, rather than requiring separate from everyday life (the norm nonindigenous cultures), missing action system. one many peoples working revitalize governance authorities. With Canadian government's declared willingness work toward reconciliation, there is an opportunity enable Nations lead on other efforts. Global would also benefit enhanced support for approaches, including expanding new category or sacredness ethic.