Paths for colonization or exodus? New insights from the brown bear (Ursus arctos) population of the Cantabrian Mountains.

摘要: Over the centuries, geographical distribution of brown bear (Ursus arctos) across Iberian Peninsula has been decreasing, with species currently confined to North Iberia. The Cantabrian population is one smallest in Europe and structured into two subpopulations, positioned along an east-west axis. Given current critically endangered status this population, it essential have a clear picture its within-population genetic patterns processes. We use set three molecular markers (mitochondrial DNA, autosomal microsatellites sex markers) clarify origins assess migration gene flow population. Our results reveal presence different mitochondrial (matrilineal) haplotypes both belonging European clade 1a. are geographically between Eastern (haplotype CanE) Western CanW) which consistent structure previously identified using nuclear markers. Additionally, we show that CanE closer historical Pyrenean (Pyr) haplotype than CanW. Despite strong structuring at levels mtDNA loci, there evidence bidirectional admixture among subpopulations. Gene asymmetrical significantly more intense from subpopulation. In fact, only detected first generation male migrants These suggest smaller vulnerable subpopulation towards larger stable new insights relevant for assessments on-going conservation measures, namely role dispersal corridors enhanced connectivity. discuss importance complementary such as human-wildlife conflict mitigation habitat improvement, viable