Assessing the sustainability of freshwater systems: A critical review of composite indicators

摘要: Quantitative indicators are a common means of assessing the complex dimensions sustainable freshwater system, and framing scientific knowledge for policy decision makers. There is an abundance in use, but considerable variation terms what being measured how applied, making it difficult end-users to identify suitable assessment methods. We review 95 water-related indices analyze them along their normative, procedural, systemic better understand problems defined, highlight overlaps differences, context(s) which particular index useful. also intended end-users, geographic scale application each index. find that risk most (n = 25), with this group typically focusing either on hazard identification (biophysical assessments) or vulnerability human populations. Indices measure ecological health not explicitly linking these ecosystem services, fact concept services rarely (n = 3) used indicator selection. Resource managers while 28 involved consultation potential 11 did specify use. conclude can be applied as solution-oriented tools, evaluating scenarios identifying tradeoffs among beneficiaries, rather than only monitoring existing conditions. Finally, earlier engagement recommended help researchers right balance indices’ salience, legitimacy, credibility thus improve relevance.