Challenges of deciphering gastric cancer heterogeneity.

摘要: Gastric cancer is in decline most developed countries; however, it still accounts for a notable fraction of global mortality and morbidity related to cancer. High-throughput methods are rapidly changing our view understanding the molecular basis gastric carcinogenesis. Today, widely accepted that complexity heterogeneity, both inter- intra-tumour, adenocarcinomas present significant obstacles elucidating specific biomarkers early detection disease. Although genome-wide sequencing gene expression studies have revealed intricate nature changes occur tumour landscapes, collected data results complex sometimes contradictory. Several aberrant molecules already been tested clinical trials, although their diagnostic prognostic utilities not confirmed thus far. The gold standard sporadic endoscopy, which considered invasive. In addition, association genetic variations important contributors increased risk could participate initiation malignant transformation. This hypothesis part explain late onset cancers. elaborate interplay polymorphic low penetrance genes lifestyle environmental factors requires additional research decipher relative impacts on tumorigenesis. purpose this article details heterogeneity cancers at DNA, RNA, proteome levels discuss issues relevant translation basic clinically valuable tools. focus work identification be detected non-invasively.