Emerging roles of hypoxia-inducible factors and reactive oxygen species in cancer and pluripotent stem cells

摘要: Eukaryotic organisms require oxygen homeostasis to maintain proper cellular function for survival. During conditions of low tension (hypoxia), cells activate the transcription genes that induce an adaptive response, which supplies tissues. Hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) may contribute maintenance putative cancer stem cells, can continue self-renewal indefinitely express stemness in hypoxic stress environments (stem cell niches). Reactive species (ROS) have long been recognized as toxic by-products aerobic metabolism are harmful living leading DNA damage, senescence, or death. HIFs promote a state, whereas loss induces production ROS activation proteins p53 p16(Ink4a), lead tumor death senescence. seem inhibit HIF regulation cells. By contrast, controversial data suggested hypoxia increases generation ROS, prevents hydroxylation by inducing their negative feedback. Moreover, enhance induced pluripotent (iPSCs). reprogramming somatic into PSC attain metabolic state typically observed embryonic (ESCs). ESCs iPSCs share similar bioenergetic metabolisms, including decreased mitochondrial number activity, anaerobic glycolysis. This review discusses current knowledge regarding emerging roles implications development.