Biomaterial-Based Approaches to Address Vein Graft and Hemodialysis Access Failures

摘要: Veins used as grafts in heart bypass or access points hemodialysis exhibit high failure rates, thereby causing significant morbidity and mortality for patients. Interventional revisional surgeries required to correct these failures have been met with limited success exorbitant costs, particularly the US Centers Medicare & Medicaid Services. Vein stenosis occlusion leading is primarily result of neointimal hyperplasia. Systemic therapies achieved little long-term success, indicating need more localized, sustained, biomaterial-based solutions. Numerous studies demonstrated ability external stents reduce However, successful results from animal models failed translate clinic thus far, no stent currently approved use prevent vein graft failures. This review discusses current progress field, design considerations, future perspectives stents. More comparative iteratively modulating biomaterial biomaterial-drug approaches are critical addressing mechanistic knowledge gaps associated application arteriovenous environment. Addressing will ultimately lead viable solutions that