Cloning and assisted reproductive techniques: influence on early development and adult phenotype.

摘要: Over the past 40 years, our increased understanding and development of cell molecular biology has allowed even greater advances in reproductive biology. This is most evident by various aspects assisted techniques (ART), generation transgenic animals, recently mammals through somatic cloning. To date, cloning from adult cells been successful at least 10 mammalian species. Although generating viable cloned technically feasible list successes will only continue to grow with time, prenatal perinatal mortality high live offspring have not without health problems. The success many proposed applications technique obviously depends upon survival founder animals generated nuclear transfer. article summarizes consequences mice, discusses possible mechanisms which these conditions may arise. In addition, we discuss effects ART animal models humans. also involves some same procedures used cloning, there are reports that sometimes display aberrant phenotypes as well. It important point out although do produce abnormalities, majority born apparently normal survive adulthood. Additionally, must emphasize observed necessarily indicate they occur this article, review studies examining phenotype ART, clinical implications findings.