Esterification of free fatty acids in waste cooking oils (WCO): Role of ion-exchange resins

作者: Nalan Özbay , Nuray Oktar , N. Alper Tapan

DOI: 10.1016/J.FUEL.2007.12.010

关键词: Fatty acid levelSaponificationBET theoryOrganic chemistryCatalysisBiodieselChemistryFatty acidTransesterificationIon-exchange resin

摘要: Abstract Although WCO plays a crucial role for the economical production of biodiesel, free fatty acid (FFA) level in nature cause saponification problems during transesterification. Acidic ion-exchange resins can be used to decrease level. In this study, activities (Amberlyst-15 (A-15), Amberlyst-35 (A-35), Amberlyst-16 (A-16) and Dowex HCR-W2) direct FFA esterification were examined temperature range 50–60 °C effect catalyst amount (1–2 wt%) on conversion was also analyzed. increased with increasing reaction amount. Order catalytic found as A-15 > A-35 > A-16 > Dowex HCR-W2. This related size average pore diameters magnitude BET surface area.

参考文章(44)
Egle Sendzikiene, Violeta Makareviciene, Prutenis Janulis, Saulius Kitrys, Kinetics of free fatty acids esterification with methanol in the production of biodiesel fuel EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. ,vol. 106, pp. 831- 836 ,(2004) , 10.1002/EJLT.200401011
A. Heidekum, M.A. Harmer, W.F. Hoelderich, Addition of Carboxylic Acids to Cyclic Olefins Catalyzed by Strong Acidic Ion-Exchange Resins Journal of Catalysis. ,vol. 181, pp. 217- 222 ,(1999) , 10.1006/JCAT.1998.2300
R. Tesser, M. Di Serio, M. Guida, M. Nastasi, E. Santacesaria, Kinetics of Oleic Acid Esterification with Methanol in the Presence of Triglycerides Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. ,vol. 44, pp. 7978- 7982 ,(2005) , 10.1021/IE050588O
Gemma Vicente, Mercedes Martínez, José Aracil, Alfredo Esteban, Kinetics of Sunflower Oil Methanolysis Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. ,vol. 44, pp. 5447- 5454 ,(2005) , 10.1021/IE040208J
Merve Çetinkaya, Filiz Karaosmanoǧlu, A New Application Area for Used Cooking Oil Originated Biodiesel: Generators Energy & Fuels. ,vol. 19, pp. 645- 652 ,(2005) , 10.1021/EF049890K
B. Supple, R. Howard-Hildige, Esther Gonzalez-Gomez, J. J. Leahy, The effect of steam treating waste cooking oil on the yield of methyl ester Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. ,vol. 79, pp. 175- 178 ,(2002) , 10.1007/S11746-002-0454-1
Animesh Chakrabarti, M.M. Sharma, Cationic ion exchange resins as catalyst Reactive Polymers. ,vol. 20, pp. 1- 45 ,(1993) , 10.1016/0923-1137(93)90064-M
P SLOMKIEWICZ, The gas phase n-propyl-tert-butyl ether synthesis Applied Catalysis A-general. ,vol. 313, pp. 74- 85 ,(2006) , 10.1016/J.APCATA.2006.07.009
M. P. Dorado, E. Ballesteros, J. M. Arnal, J. Gómez, F. J. López Giménez, Testing Waste Olive Oil Methyl Ester as a Fuel in a Diesel Engine Energy & Fuels. ,vol. 17, pp. 1560- 1565 ,(2003) , 10.1021/EF0202485
Maija L. Honkela, Andrew Root, Marina Lindblad, A. Outi I. Krause, Comparison of ion-exchange resin catalysts in the dimerisation of isobutene Applied Catalysis A-general. ,vol. 295, pp. 216- 223 ,(2005) , 10.1016/J.APCATA.2005.08.023