The role of glutamate in epilepsy and other CNS disorders.

摘要: Glutamate is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in brain and, as such, it inevitably plays a role initiation and spread of seizure activity. It also critical epileptogenesis. The process "kindling" limbic seizures rodents by repeated electrical stimulation dependent on activation N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. function these receptors enhanced hippocampus kindled rats cerebral cortex patients with focal epilepsy. Microdialysis studies show an increase extracellular concentration glutamate aspartate before or during onset, suggesting that either amino acid release impaired uptake contributes to initiation. antagonists selective for NMDA non-NMDA are potent anticonvulsants when given systemically wide variety animal models They limited efficacy against (on basis preliminary evidence) drug-refractory complex partial seizures. Cognitive side effects appear be significant problem competitive, well noncompetitive, antagonists. receptor provide protection damage following global ischemia acute traumatic injury rodent models. Anticonvulsant compounds lamotrigine type, which act sodium channels reduce ischemia-induced release, cerebroprotective free from cognitive NMDA-receptor